Tips For Safe Summer Training

• Heat cramps: These are painful, involuntary muscle spasms that usually occur in the muscles being exercised, such as the legs or arms.
• Heat exhaustion: Symptoms include a rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, possibly a low-grade fever and hot, red, dry or sweaty skin. People with heat exhaustion may look pale and feel faint or nauseous.
• Heat stroke: This is a serious and sometimes fatal condition in which your body is unable to sweat and regulate its temperature. Symptoms include rapid heartbeat, unusually high or low blood pressure, fainting, rapid and shallow breathing, confusion, irritability and loss of consciousness.

Avoid Peak Sun

Avoid rigorous workouts during the peak temperatures of 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. Some athletes think the heat makes them tougher. That's true only if your body is already in top condition. Otherwise, you could be at risk for heat exhaustion or heat stroke.

Warm Up

Even high school athletes need to stretch their muscles before strenuous exercise as a way to prevent muscle injury. Proper stretching lengthens or "loosens" muscle tissue, making it less prone to trauma and tears. Pre-workout warm-ups become more important with age, but they help reduce the risk of injury at any age.

Eat Balanced Meals

Proper nutrition is important to maintaining your body's peak performance. For endurance sports such as football or track, eat plenty of carbohydrates such as bread, cereal and potatoes, which turn into glucose and the energy you'll need.

Pace Yourself

Start slowly if you're not already in shape. Increase your workout regimen gradually, by no more than 10 percent a week.

Reviewed by health care specialists at UCSF Medical Center